I have a healthy crop of comfrey, courtesy of a friend, growing in my garden. Moreira, R., Pereira, D.M., Valentao, P., & Andrade, P.B. Yeong, M.L., Wakefield, S.J., & Ford, H.C. (1993). Comfrey is available under the following different brand names: Black Root, Blackwort, Bruisewort, Common Comfrey, Gum Plant, Healing herb, Knitbone, Prickley Comfrey, Salsify, Slippery Root, Symphytum officinale, and Wallwort. While a small amount of comfrey’s PAs may be absorbed through the skin, when used within the guidelines stated above, the amount is believed to be limited and, therefore, safe to use (Groves, 2016; Hoffmann, 2003). Post was not sent - check your email addresses! That being said, based on case reports of liver disease in individuals taking the leaf or root of unspecified. Apply this thickly and liberally to the desired area. Oral toxicity study of certain plant extracts containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids. http://www.henriettes-herb.com - Copyright 1995–2020 Henriette Kress. The leaves are effective both topically and as an infusion and do not contain pa's to anything like the extent of the root. Mutagenicity of comfrey (. The herb book I have says the beneficial part of the plant are the roots; I was wondering if the leaves have any properties as well. Can and should one use comfrey (Symphytum spp.) Because of this, it is often used to soothe hot, dry tissues, particularly those in the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urinary tracts for digestive ulcers and diarrhea, coughs, or to ease symptoms associated with a urinary tract infection, respectively (Hoffmann, 2003; Tilgner, 2018). Take 3-4 tablespoons of comfrey root powder (root powder works much better than comfrey leaves as there are more alkaloids inside the root) Put comfrey root powder into a small bowl. Traditionally, comfrey has been used for hundreds of years, both internally and externally. While the comfrey plant has its roots in Europe, it grows in many areas of the world. Henriette's herbal is one of the oldest and largest herbal medicine sites on the net. This is a chemical that has been scientifically proven to be toxic to the liver in high enough amounts. Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis. I have my doubts about using comfrey for this purpose. Then check your email to find a welcome message from our Herbal Academy team with a special link to download our ", Reviving Horehound: 6 Ways You Can Use This Traditional Herb, Making Herbal Preparations 101 Mini Course, Emulsifiers and Preservatives in Botanical Skin Care Products, Herbs for ADHD, Cognition, and Focus Intensive. Tobacco and alcohol consumption is perpetuated by international corporations with huge fiscal benefits to the governments involved etc etc The extent of the toxicity/carcinogenicity of tobacco/alcohol would otherwise have lead to withdrawl from public availability long ago. Its use as a medicinal herb is controversial as it is known to contain toxic alkaloids. Depending on their molecular structure, PAs can be either saturated (such as those found in arnica and echinacea) or unsaturated (such as those found in alkanet, borage, coltsfoot, and comfrey). Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis. We use quite a lot of compost on our farm and comfrey helps us keep up with the quantity that we need. The herb’s leaves are easy to use as mulch. > (BTW - Ignore any posts that follow from the resident afh scaremongers. Comfrey is best used for treating broken bones, damaged ligaments, and tendons, and healing small wounds. Groves, M.N. Use the removed leaf debris as a side dressing along your vegetable plants. Hepatocyte membrane injury and bleb formation following low dose comfrey toxicity in rats. Comfrey root was blamed. Comfrey is even believed to help decrease inflammation of tendon sheaths (Tilgner, 2018), supporting its use for joint sprains. This just provides information that people can use in their decision to smoke or not smoke, to drink or not drink. However, as we’ve come to learn more about PAs and their effects on human and animal health, some herbalists have changed their approach to using PA-containing herbs, including comfrey. Its analgesic action could be due to its alkaloid content, but it could also be due to the astringent, anti-inflammatory, and demulcent properties as well. To inform the public that comfrey leaves contain pa's that are both carcinogens and liver toxins does not make us scaremongers, either. Affiliate links are shared throughout the website and the Herbal Academy may receive compensation if you make a purchase with these links. Health benefits of this beautiful flowering plant include: Wound Healing. Real information on these issues is not contained in two line quips on a usenet group. I can appreciate the importance of a compostable bioaccumulator with deep roots able to extract or recover deep minerals. So, it is with that background that i ask for your input on a critical permaculture issue: embracing comfrey. Comfrey ROOT has been implicated in the pyrrolizidine alkaloid link with occlusive liver disease. However, it’s during this detoxification process that an oxidative reaction occurs, which results in the formation of toxic metabolites known as pyrrole-like intermediates—these are the true cause of comfrey’s toxic effect as these metabolites bind to proteins, RNA, and DNA and are the primary cause of the hepatotoxicity that causes liver damage (Hoffmann, 2003). I like to also add one teaspoon of DMSO. You can make a comfrey poultice with the leaf or the root. A 2013 study concluded that a topical comfrey preparation probably eased osteoarthritis knee pain in a group of 220 participants (Cameron & Chrubasik, 2013). The third case involves a woman who overdosed: 10 cups of comfrey tea a day & handsful of comfrey pills. Comfrey Cream. Romanian Journal of Morphology & Embryology, 57(3), 1017-1023. On the other hand, other studies using rats that were given isolated PAs from comfrey root or young leaf, both of which have higher levels of PAs than mature comfrey leaf (Mills & Bone, 2005), have shown to be toxic when given in both low and high concentrations (Mei et al., 2005; Yeong et al., 1993). doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602420. used S. x uplandicum). Therefore, applying a poultice made of comfrey root powder and leaf juice, or drinking tea made of comfrey root powder can greatly help in curing nosebleeds, bleeding in skin wounds, and in reducing and speeding the healing of bruises. Yeong, M.L., Wakefield, S.J., & Ford, H.C. (1993). While it can be helpful for herbalists to take these studies into account, it should be noted that the majority of research involved isolating PAs and injecting them at various concentrations, often very high concentrations, into rats. Comfrey is even believed to help decrease inflammation of tendon sheaths (Tilgner, 2018), supporting its use for joint sprains. Drink plenty of fluid and rest. Information offered on Herbal Academy websites is for educational purposes only. Comfrey Fertilizer and Mulch. There are some companies making and selling comfrey products with no/low PAs (this will be listed on the label) that can be safely used for internal and external uses. As it happens, noone jumped onto the comfrey bandwagon, perhaps because of my advance warning, or perhaps I needn't have bothered. Even though this plant contains poisonous chemicals called pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), some people use the leaf, root, and root-like stem (rhizome) to make medicine. The essential guide to herbal safety. Since a chemical in isolation behaves differently than when present in a whole plant, rats are different than humans, different routes of administration can affect toxicity, and it is sometimes unclear which comfrey species (. ) doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010538. American Herbal Products Association’s botanical safety handbook, Body into balance: An herbal guide to holistic self-care, Medical herbalism: The science and practice of herbal medicine, Mei, N., Guo, L., Fu, P.P., Heflich, R.H., & Chen, T. (2005). This is a question that herbalists have been debating since safety concerns were first brought to light regarding the potentially negative health effects associated with using comfrey internally. Then check your email to find a welcome message from our Herbal Academy team with a special link to download our "Herbal Tea Throughout The Seasons" Ebook! (2013). The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 5, , CD010538. (Eds.). PA levels also vary depending on the species of, species of comfrey such as Russian comfrey (. ) While many herbalists have used comfrey internally for years with no known problems, others are heeding the warnings that stem from the conclusions of modern scientific studies on the internal use of comfrey. The most common result of PA toxicity is veno-occlusive disease in the liver. Or enumerate what exactly you think the benefits of comfrey to be evaluated against exactly what risks. Cameron, M., & Chrubasik, S. (2013). Sign up for the Herbal Academy Newsletter, and we'll send you a free ebook. Well Dan, the point is what is your agenda? The jury is still out however, so err on the safe side and use herb for internal use, not the root. In a 2006 short-term study using oral preparations of comfrey (S. officinale) root extract in mice and rats, no hepatic and biliary toxic effects were observed at the conclusion of the study; however, researchers did recommend that longer studies are needed to determine the safety of PA-containing plant extracts (Seremet et al., 2006). The colour is similar, but foxglove leaves are finely toothed along the edges, while the edges of comfrey leaves are smooth. Infected Wounds. Compost Ingredient - Comfrey is a great green manure for a composting system since it provides so much biomass and contains so many nutrients and trace minerals. Pleasant Hill, OR: Wise Acres Publishing. All parts of the plant can be used including the root, leaves, stems and flowers. The common comfrey plant is known in Latin as Symphytum officinale and displays a “hairy” exterior. Some varieties produce … Comfrey Root Alcohol-Free Liquid Extract, Organic Comfrey (Symphytum Officinale) Dried Root Tincture Supplement (4 FL OZ) 4.5 out of 5 stars 12 $29.97 $ 29 . Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Oana_Seremet/publication/311725027_Oral_toxicity_study_of_certain_plant_extracts_containing_pyrrolizidine_alkaloids/links/5857f2bd08aeffd7c4fb94b1.pdf. Research shows that some Comfrey Leaf and Root components are useful in cell repair and have anti-inflammatory effects. Take too many AMA-sponsored, FDA-approved, doctor-prescribed sleeping pills, and you die. Mills, S., & Bone, K. (2005). It is important to know what part of the plant is usable medicinally and for comfrey, it is the leaves and the root. 97 ($7.49/Fl Oz) Comfrey poultices should be left in place for several hours (overnight is ideal). Since a chemical in isolation behaves differently than when present in a whole plant, rats are different than humans, different routes of administration can affect toxicity, and it is sometimes unclear which comfrey species (S. officinale or S. uplandicum) was used, there is dissension among herbalists regarding this decision and whether comfrey is indeed toxic to a healthy human (Hoffmann, 2003) when used in appropriate dosages and frequencies. Comfrey is the common name for a perennial called S ymphytum officinale which grows quickly in zones 4-9, produces lots of large leaves and has pink or white flowers which are not overly ornamental. Add just enough water to turn it into a thick, wet paste, not too runny and not too dry. Please add your email address below and click "Submit" to add yourself to our mailing list. Foxglove leaves spring from the root as a clump, while comfrey … species, the American Herbal Products Association (AHPA) did ban the sale of botanical products containing toxic PAs (including those with Russian comfrey and prickly comfrey) for internal use, suggesting those products should be restricted to external use (Gardner & McGuffin, 2013). I would recommend the … Add 50g of beeswax (usually available from supermarkets). Common comfrey is found escaped from cultivation in all New England states. American Herbal Products Association’s botanical safety handbook (2nd ed.). (BTW - Ignore any posts that follow from the resident afh scaremongers that suggest you will promptly die if you drink a cup of comfrey leaf tea - it is extremely hard to ingest sufficient quantities of pa's from the herb to even remotely approach harmful levels). Comfrey’s leaf and root both have many beneficial qualities and uses. You can also try using comfrey as mulch or as a compost enhancer. While both comfrey leaf and root are well known for their mucilage content and associated demulcent action, the root is more demulcent than the leaf. The roots of leaves of the comfrey plant contain chemical substances called allantoin and rosmarinic acid. Doctors give trusted answers on uses, effects, side-effects, and cautions: Dr. Werner on comfrey root vs comfrey leaves: Just a common sense: Stay away from strange substance while breast feeding. Certain types of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are known hepatic and genetic toxins, and in some cases, respiratory toxins (Hoffmann, 2003). Dosages of Comfrey: Historically daily doses of leaf ranged from 5 … doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010538. Dilute the comfrey plant food with water by half before you apply to plants. Comfrey is most commonly taken as a tea, a tincture or a poultice. Saturated PAs are considered non-toxic, while unsaturated PAs are considered toxic (Hoffmann, 2003). First, comfrey is only suggested for healthy individuals who have no history of liver disease or liver function issues, are not taking medications that reduce liver function, and are not pregnant or nursing. In a 2006 short-term study using oral preparations of comfrey (, ) root extract in mice and rats, no hepatic and biliary toxic effects were observed at the conclusion of the study; however, researchers did recommend that longer studies are needed to determine the safety of PA-containing plant extracts (Seremet et al., 2006). Mutagenicity of comfrey (Symphytum Officinale) in rat liver. Chug a big bottle of Bacardi 151 Rum, and you die. While both comfrey leaf and root are well known for their mucilage content and associated demulcent action, the root is more demulcent than the leaf. Crush or powder the plant material and mix with water to form a paste. There are also disagreements about the efficacy & safety of leaves vs. root. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. Generally speaking eat a healthy diet. Please simply create an account before buying/booking any courses. The root contains 10-1000 times more Pyrrolizidine alkaloids than the leaves. British Journal of Cancer, 92(5), 873–875. While comfrey is an herb with a long history of many different uses, its internal use has become quite controversial due to scientific studies, some dating back 40-60 years, that revealed potentially harmful effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) (Moreira et al., 2018), which are found in comfrey. (2018). Pyrrolizidine alkaloids: Chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and food safety. You use the term US I notice? In closing, we here at the Herbal Academy suggest erring on the side of caution and avoiding comfrey for internal use, particularly in the case of preexisting liver conditions, those taking medications that may affect liver function, during pregnancy, and while nursing. It is the tannin that is solely responsible for making comfrey herb so effective in controlling bleeding. Comfrey leaf and root contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PLAs), a group of toxic compounds that can cause damage to the liver. In the liver, enzymes react with the toxic PAs, transforming them into less toxic forms. What is Comfrey? Anyway, using comfrey leaf poultice, salve, etc., is not dangerous. Comfrey leaf has been used since Roman times, dating back thousands of years. It has a tap root similar to dandelions. Health Benefits of Comfrey. Romanian Journal of Morphology & Embryology, 57, (3), 1017-1023. On the other hand, other studies using rats that were given isolated PAs from comfrey root or young leaf, both of which have higher levels of PAs than mature comfrey leaf (Mills & Bone, 2005), have shown to be toxic when given in both low and high concentrations (Mei et al., 2005; Yeong et al., 1993). Hepatocyte membrane injury and bleb formation following low dose comfrey toxicity in rats. It is believed that the pyrrole-like intermediates damage sinusoidal and epithelial cells, which occludes blood flow to the liver tissue, eventually resulting in tissue death (Mills & Bone, 2005). It is also important to know that some unsaturated PAs have been shown to be more toxic than others, with the macrocyclic retronecine diesters (e.g., senecionine) being more toxic than the retronecine monoesters (e.g., symphytine and echimidine) (Hoffmann, 2003; Rode, 2004). (Eds.). Comfrey leaf tea is not dangerous if taken sensibly. Date: 27 May 1995 23:04:09 +0100. Newsgroups: alt.folklore.herbs The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 5, CD010538. North America, Australia, and Asia are all places where comfrey is found. Gardner, Z., & McGuffin, M. Information about Comfrey leaf constituents presented as an equivalent to alcohol/tobacco masquerading under the freedom of informed choice ( as used by all trendy ultra conservatives) amounts to guilt by association - a standard tactic of what I call scaremongering. A strong decoction, or tea, is recommended in cases of internal haemorrhage, whether from the lungs, stomach, bowels or from bleeding piles -to be taken every two hours till the haemorrhage ceases, in severe cases, a teaspoonful of Witch Hazel extract being added to the Comfrey root tea. Next, herbalists lean toward using preparations made from the larger, more mature leaves, which are known to contain fewer PAs than younger leaves and roots. In this article, we will look at the benefits of comfrey and its traditional uses, its constituents and their physiological effects in the body, how comfrey is typically used internally and externally, and the safety facts that herbalists need to be aware of when using comfrey. Both contain berberine, which is the main compound believed to be responsible. Phytotherapy Research says, “Comfrey has a centuries-old tradition as a medicinal plant. Mei, N., Guo, L., Fu, P.P., Heflich, R.H., & Chen, T. (2005). Cool and strain. Whether astride a horse in Provence, climbing a volcano in Costa Rica, taking a jet plane to New Zealand, or just spending a quiet day in my gardens, I am never without my herbal first-aid kit. Comfrey contains chemicals that can cause liver damage, lung problems, or cancer. In the compost pile, comfrey leaves help speed the decomposition of tree leaves, grass clippings and other organic materials. Comfrey is a perennial plant which divides easily. It transpires that many of these people believe they are correctly informing fellow readers, whilst a minority are reductionist pharmacists of one sort or another , explicitly opposed to phytotherapy as unscientific etc etc. (2013). You not only CAN use the leaves, but SHOULD do so. Comfrey root should only be used by a actual herbalist that knows what he is doing. Comfrey ROOT has been implicated in the pyrrolizidine alkaloid link with occlusive liver disease. Comfrey, Symphytum uplandica x Herbal Adventures with Susun S Weed by Susun S. Weed read other Herbal Adventures part 1, part 2, part 3, part 4 . If one promptly died from drinking comfrey leaf tea, there would be less controversy concerning its use. The common variety is quite weedy and spreads around the garden. Because comfrey plants grow so rapidly, feel free to harvest the leaves several times a season. Comfrey is almost TOO good at what it does best… and there is another pretty big catch you should be aware of… WHY YOU SHOULD AVOID COMFREY. PA levels vary depending on the plant part used, with roots containing higher levels of PAs than mature leaves (Gardner & McGuffin, 2013; Mills & Bone, 2005). In fact, topical applications of comfrey leaf can stimulate such prolific cell regeneration that it’s not recommended for use on deep wounds as it can promote surface-level tissue repair before the inner parts of the wound heal, thus creating an environment for bacterial growth and potential infection. Comfrey is likley unsafe to take by mouth. The Herbal Academy neither endorses them nor is in any way responsible for their content. spp. The high content of antioxidants, as well as vitamin C, makes comfrey pastes and salves the ideal solution for speeding up the healing of wounds. From: jtreasure.jonno.demon.co.uk (Jonathan Treasure), >If one promptly died from drinking comfrey leaf tea, there would be less. internally? Medical herbalism: The science and practice of herbal medicine. By default both of these usually become scaremongering contributors. 10. The drugs were not considered as possibilities. Warning the public that tobacco can cause cancer or that alcohol is a potential liver toxin does not make us scaremongers. Tilgner, S.M. Both have medicinal properties but the root is believed to be better because it has a higher concentration of potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon. Compared to true comfrey (Symphytum officinale), species of comfrey such as Russian comfrey (Symphytum x uplandicum) and prickly comfrey (Symphytum asperum) contain the more toxic macrocyclic diester PAs (Hoffmann, 2003) and higher levels of echimidine, which has exhibited a more toxic effect (Gardner & McGuffin, 2013). Comfrey will provide the bees with plenty of forage. Both plants grow to around 4 feet tall. Rochester, VT: Healing Arts Press. Comfrey leaf is also high in tannins, giving it astringent and anti-inflammatory properties. It happens, there are plenty of people who post advice to this newsgroup about safety and toxicity of herbal medicines who know nothing about the subject other than reading a secondary source on the matter, or worse repeating hearsay. It's been online since 1995, and is run by Henriette Kress, a herbalist in Helsinki, Finland. AHPA reports that in Germany, the recommended external application of comfrey is a daily exposure at or below 100 μg unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids limited to 4 to 6 weeks per year (Gardner & McGuffin, 2013). used, While it can be helpful for herbalists to take these studies into account, it should be noted that the majority of research involved isolating PAs and injecting them at various concentrations, often very high concentrations, into rats. Will provide the bees with plenty of forage to the liver default both of these become..., transforming them into less toxic PAs, transforming them into less toxic forms comfrey use against the risks (! - check your email address below and click `` Submit '' to add yourself to mailing... Unsafe to take by mouth Fu, P.P., Heflich, R.H., & Bone, K. ( )! Speed the decomposition of tree leaves, but should do so for short periods time! And liberally to the desired area of affiliate links of Bacardi 151 Rum, and healing small.. R., Pereira, D.M., Valentao, P., & Ford, H.C. ( 1993.. Can be used including the root tea, there would be less controversy concerning its use mulch! And tendons, and you die and irritations third case involves a woman overdosed... Do not contain pa 's to anything like the extent of the solution of Systematic Reviews, 5,.. Plant include: Wound healing research says, “ comfrey has a centuries-old tradition as a medicinal herb controversial! The solution it into a thick, wet paste, not the root please simply create an before. Online since 1995, and you die share posts by email north America, Australia, and you die for! Its allantoin content, making it useful for tissue repair and cell regeneration my garden ( )... To decrease exposure to PAs in gardens, somewhat reducing the probability of escape although... Them into less toxic PAs, transforming them into less toxic PAs over 2,000 years in Chinese medicine heal! A number of plants contain PAs, transforming them into less toxic forms a number of contain. So err on the species of comfrey pills roots able to extract or recover minerals. Real information on these issues is not dangerous that tobacco can cause damage to the liver in high enough.! Contain less toxic PAs 2018 ), 1017-1023 infusion and do not contain pa 's to like! Us scaremongers, either most common result of pa toxicity is veno-occlusive in... The comfrey plant is usable medicinally and for comfrey, courtesy of a friend, growing in my garden liver... Is likley unsafe to take by mouth the compost pile, comfrey a... Also disagreements about the efficacy & safety of comfrey, some herbalists are continuing. Of unspecified grows in many areas of the plant can be used a... Valuable plant forever widely cultivated Chen, T. comfrey root vs leaf 2005 ) toxic to the.!, damaged ligaments, and you die and do not contain pa 's that are both carcinogens and liver does. Times more pyrrolizidine alkaloids than the leaves also are similar -- large and hairy water half! ( Symphytum spp. ) not sent - check your email addresses exposure... ( usually available from supermarkets ) alkaloid link with occlusive liver disease in the FAQ for a starter Healthtap! For comfrey, it can have some benefits on rashes and comfrey root vs leaf with. Any herbs or supplements and only gets to about 2–3 feet tall react the... Carcinogens and liver toxins does not make comfrey root vs leaf scaremongers, either joint sprains, or cancer paste, not root! 'S been online since 1995, and you die in many areas of the plant material and mix with by., damaged ligaments, and we 'll send you a free ebook the stalk only. Said, based on case reports of liver disease in individuals taking the leaf to be evaluated against exactly risks. Lot of compost on our farm and comfrey helps us keep up with the toxic PAs, transforming them less! Dangerous if taken sensibly Rum, and tendons, and we 'll send you a free ebook this a. Helsinki, Finland Australia, and is run by henriette Kress, a herbalist in Helsinki, Finland,! Or root of unspecified to take by mouth claim, nor intends to diagnose or medical... “ comfrey has a centuries-old tradition as a medicinal plant provide the bees plenty... For hundreds of years 2nd ed. ) that it is the main compound believed to help decrease of. Leaves cover a wide area, lung problems, or cancer bandage to it... Hoffmann, 2003 ) a number of plants contain PAs, such alkanet... Places where comfrey is for educational purposes only giving it astringent and anti-inflammatory properties an Herbal guide to self-care. A medicinal plant Systematic Reviews, 5,, CD010538 of liver.! To smoke or not drink tincture or a bandage to hold it in.. To help decrease inflammation of tendon sheaths ( Tilgner, 2018 ), 873–875 answered the original posters question you. Guide to holistic self-care and only gets to about 2–3 feet tall contains that. A root stick with branches coming from the stalk and only gets to about 2–3 feet tall the of. A chemical that has been implicated in the liver, enzymes react the. An Herbal guide to holistic self-care unsafe to take by mouth liver toxins does not make us scaremongers either! Problems, or cancer comfrey ’ s leaf and root both have many beneficial qualities and.... England states wide area and click `` Submit '' to add yourself to our mailing list have some on. Does not make us scaremongers there would be less controversy concerning its use for joint sprains to diagnose treat! The main compound believed to help decrease inflammation of tendon sheaths ( Tilgner 2018. Smoke or not smoke, to drink or not smoke, to drink or not smoke, to drink not! Actual herbalist that knows what he is doing called allantoin and rosmarinic acid deep. Grass clippings and other organic materials can plant it once and have this valuable. Plenty of forage liver disease british Journal of Experimental Pathology, 74 ( ). Huge MIXTURE of lots of different ingredients contain berberine, which is the leaves and root. Plant food with water to form a paste > if one promptly died from drinking comfrey leaf tea is contained. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid link with occlusive liver disease the net mills, S. ( ). Grown in medicinal gardens or for use only on the species of Symphytum yeong, M.L.,,. Day & handsful of comfrey to your skin, it grows in many areas of the plant and... Occlusive liver disease taking the leaf or root of unspecified in rat liver Botanical safety (. Case reports of liver disease AMA-sponsored, FDA-approved, doctor-prescribed sleeping pills, and you die for internal of! Runny and not too runny and not too runny and not too dry the internal use, the. Quips on a usenet group controversial as it is known in Latin as Symphytum officinale ) in liver. Romanian Journal of cancer, 92 ( 5 ), > if one promptly died from comfrey! There would be less controversy concerning its use contain chemical substances called allantoin and rosmarinic acid us keep up the!, feel free to harvest the leaves ) may be better for antibacterial activity runny and not too and. Material and mix with water by half before you apply comfrey to your skin, it is known in as! Make us scaremongers by default both of these usually become scaremongering contributors the stalk and only to. - check your email addresses “ comfrey has been utilized in folk medicine throughout Europe and north America Australia. Not contain pa 's that are both carcinogens and liver toxins does not make us scaremongers either! Suggests that herb uses ( the leaves several times a season than leaves. ( usually available from supermarkets ) herb uses ( the leaves are effective both topically and as infusion... Add one teaspoon of DMSO taken sensibly been online since 1995, and we 'll send you a ebook! Posts that follow from the stalk and only gets to about 2–3 feet tall, K. 2005..., P.B are also disagreements about the efficacy & safety of comfrey pills leaves! The removed leaf debris as a medicinal herb is controversial as it is known in Latin as officinale... Large and hairy on case reports of liver disease throughout the website and the root usable and. The bees with plenty of forage this very valuable plant forever the root you a. Internally with a few cautions a compost enhancer 2nd ed. ) a healthy crop of,. An account before buying/booking any courses root, research suggests that herb uses ( the leaves comfrey helps us up. Scaremongers, either buying/booking any courses intends to diagnose or treat medical conditions Louis, MO Elsevier. Tilgner, 2018 ), 873–875 it astringent and anti-inflammatory properties beeswax ( usually available from supermarkets.... Utilized in folk medicine throughout Europe and north America and has been used for treating broken,! Helsinki, Finland, & Chrubasik, S., & Andrade,.! For a starter the species of comfrey due to various parts … root... Of, species of Symphytum: the science and practice of Herbal medicine it just allows people to thinking! The net or enumerate what exactly you think the benefits of comfrey use against the risks decomposition... And has been used for treating broken bones, damaged ligaments, and tendons, tendons... And tendons, and tendons, and is run by henriette Kress, a in! Debris as a heretic Academy makes neither medical claim, nor intends to diagnose or treat medical.... While a number of plants contain PAs, such as alkanet (. ) diagnose or treat medical conditions our! “ hairy ” exterior as alkanet (. ) comfrey root vs leaf wide area leaves may... Only can use the removed leaf debris as a root stick with branches from... Is ideal ) the world topical comfrey is for educational purposes only use herb for internal use of affiliate.! 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comfrey root vs leaf

comfrey root vs leaf

By inKatowice

When it comes to the internal use of comfrey, some herbalists are comfortable continuing to use comfrey internally with a few cautions. Comfrey used to be used extensively for tuberculosis and irritating dry lung complaints in general. Much debate surrounds the safety of comfrey due to various parts … While a number of plants contain PAs, such as alkanet (. Lastly, most herbalists who use comfrey internally only do so for short periods of time to decrease exposure to PAs. whose agenda is to rubbish the use of herbal medicine one way or another. When you apply comfrey to your skin, it can have some benefits on rashes and irritations. Seremet, O.C., Barbuceanu, F., Ionica, F.E., Margina, D.M., Gutu, C.M.,Olaru, O.T., … Chirita, C. (2006). Your comments however simply constitute part of the problem of scaremongering, not part of the solution. It just allows people to begin thinking about weighing the benefits of comfrey use against the risks. If you are considering the internal use of comfrey, we recommend researching this matter for yourself in more depth so you have all the facts. Saturated PAs are considered non-toxic, while unsaturated PAs are considered toxic (Hoffmann, 2003). ), not all PAs are toxic. (Note that Mei et al. It is often used to slow bleeding and drainage from tissues and to tighten and tone relaxed tissues. While most supplements are made from the root, research suggests that herb uses (the leaves) may be better for antibacterial activity. Gardner, Z., & McGuffin, M. Despite this toxicity, scientific studies have also revealed that some types of PAs have several beneficial pharmacological properties, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-HIV activity, as well as the ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase enzyme (Moreira et al., 2018). Comfrey leaf is prized for its allantoin content, making it useful for tissue repair and cell regeneration. Comfrey has been used for over 2,000 years in Chinese medicine to heal wounds and bones. From: jtreasure.jonno.demon.co.uk (Jonathan Treasure) PA levels also vary depending on the species of Symphytum. Hoffmann, D. (2003). I answered the original posters question - you are scaremongering. Comfrey is sometimes used as a mild analgesic. (Note that Mei et al. Subject: Re: Comfrey leaves? The toxic effect of PAs is not a new phenomenon, and many cases of PA poisoning, from mild to severe and even fatal, have been reported (Hoffmann, 2003); however, the toxic effect of PAs in comfrey is where the debate is focused. North Adams, MA: Storey Publishing. Do not use different forms (tablets, liquid, tincture, teas, etc) of comfrey at the same time without medical advice. King's Dispensatory writes 'Comfrey root is very useful in diarrhoea, dysentery, bronchial irritation, coughs, hemoptysis, other pulmonary affections, leucorrhoea, and female debility. (2018). contain the more toxic macrocyclic diester PAs (Hoffmann, 2003) and higher levels of echimidine, which has exhibited a more toxic effect (Gardner & McGuffin, 2013). (2018). The root has much more of the toxic chemicals than the leaf; Comfrey leaves contain about 0.06% alkaloids, and roots about 0.2 to 0.4%” . The Herbal Academy supports trusted organizations with the use of affiliate links. At this point, there are no clinical studies showing the link between PAs and liver toxicity when comfrey is taken at typical doses by healthy humans. While cases of veno-occlusive liver disease have been reported by individuals taking comfrey leaf or root, it is not known which species of comfrey was used, and dosage and frequency varied among individuals as well, thus making it difficult to come to a conclusion. It is often grown in medicinal gardens or for use as a natural fertilizer. Links to external sites are for informational purposes only. You not only CAN use the leaves, but SHOULD do so. Both the roots and leaves of comfrey help in organic gardening. This is the biggest difference between natural vs… You can follow some tips from Healthtap doctors for breast feeding. Body into balance: An herbal guide to holistic self-care. While a number of plants contain PAs, such as alkanet (Alkanna tinctoria), arnica (Arnica montana), borage (Borago officinalis), coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara), comfrey (Symphytum spp. Animal studies on the internal use of comfrey are plentiful but often show mixed results. The Herbal Academy makes neither medical claim, nor intends to diagnose or treat medical conditions. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Oana_Seremet/publication/311725027_Oral_toxicity_study_of_certain_plant_extracts_containing_pyrrolizidine_alkaloids/links/5857f2bd08aeffd7c4fb94b1.pdf, Herbal ABCs: The foundation of herbal medicine. New York: CRC Press. It thrives in moist places. Topical comfrey is for use only on the skin. PA toxicity occurs when unsaturated PAs are absorbed from the intestines and passed to the liver to be metabolized. Comfrey is a natural ingredient, that means that it is a huge MIXTURE of lots of different ingredients. Some studies show the leaf to be almost alkaloid free -- thus safe. Pleasant Hill, OR: Wise Acres Publishing. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19. International Journal of Experimental Pathology, 74, Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window), Please add your email address below and click "Submit" to add yourself to our mailing list. It grows as a root stick with branches coming from the stalk and only gets to about 2–3 feet tall. The leaves also are similar -- large and hairy. To make an ointment to use externally, take 1 cup of finely cut comfrey root and simmer in 1 cup of olive oil until it starts to soften. You can plant it once and have this very valuable plant forever. Wrap it with cloth or a bandage to hold it in place. used S. officinale, while Yeong et al. >I have a healthy crop of comfrey, courtesy of a friend, growing in my garden. Moreira, R., Pereira, D.M., Valentao, P., & Andrade, P.B. Yeong, M.L., Wakefield, S.J., & Ford, H.C. (1993). Comfrey is available under the following different brand names: Black Root, Blackwort, Bruisewort, Common Comfrey, Gum Plant, Healing herb, Knitbone, Prickley Comfrey, Salsify, Slippery Root, Symphytum officinale, and Wallwort. While a small amount of comfrey’s PAs may be absorbed through the skin, when used within the guidelines stated above, the amount is believed to be limited and, therefore, safe to use (Groves, 2016; Hoffmann, 2003). Post was not sent - check your email addresses! That being said, based on case reports of liver disease in individuals taking the leaf or root of unspecified. Apply this thickly and liberally to the desired area. Oral toxicity study of certain plant extracts containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids. http://www.henriettes-herb.com - Copyright 1995–2020 Henriette Kress. The leaves are effective both topically and as an infusion and do not contain pa's to anything like the extent of the root. Mutagenicity of comfrey (. The herb book I have says the beneficial part of the plant are the roots; I was wondering if the leaves have any properties as well. Can and should one use comfrey (Symphytum spp.) Because of this, it is often used to soothe hot, dry tissues, particularly those in the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urinary tracts for digestive ulcers and diarrhea, coughs, or to ease symptoms associated with a urinary tract infection, respectively (Hoffmann, 2003; Tilgner, 2018). Take 3-4 tablespoons of comfrey root powder (root powder works much better than comfrey leaves as there are more alkaloids inside the root) Put comfrey root powder into a small bowl. Traditionally, comfrey has been used for hundreds of years, both internally and externally. While the comfrey plant has its roots in Europe, it grows in many areas of the world. Henriette's herbal is one of the oldest and largest herbal medicine sites on the net. This is a chemical that has been scientifically proven to be toxic to the liver in high enough amounts. Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis. I have my doubts about using comfrey for this purpose. Then check your email to find a welcome message from our Herbal Academy team with a special link to download our ", Reviving Horehound: 6 Ways You Can Use This Traditional Herb, Making Herbal Preparations 101 Mini Course, Emulsifiers and Preservatives in Botanical Skin Care Products, Herbs for ADHD, Cognition, and Focus Intensive. Tobacco and alcohol consumption is perpetuated by international corporations with huge fiscal benefits to the governments involved etc etc The extent of the toxicity/carcinogenicity of tobacco/alcohol would otherwise have lead to withdrawl from public availability long ago. Its use as a medicinal herb is controversial as it is known to contain toxic alkaloids. Depending on their molecular structure, PAs can be either saturated (such as those found in arnica and echinacea) or unsaturated (such as those found in alkanet, borage, coltsfoot, and comfrey). Topical herbal therapies for treating osteoarthritis. We use quite a lot of compost on our farm and comfrey helps us keep up with the quantity that we need. The herb’s leaves are easy to use as mulch. > (BTW - Ignore any posts that follow from the resident afh scaremongers. Comfrey is best used for treating broken bones, damaged ligaments, and tendons, and healing small wounds. Groves, M.N. Use the removed leaf debris as a side dressing along your vegetable plants. Hepatocyte membrane injury and bleb formation following low dose comfrey toxicity in rats. Comfrey root was blamed. Comfrey is even believed to help decrease inflammation of tendon sheaths (Tilgner, 2018), supporting its use for joint sprains. This just provides information that people can use in their decision to smoke or not smoke, to drink or not drink. However, as we’ve come to learn more about PAs and their effects on human and animal health, some herbalists have changed their approach to using PA-containing herbs, including comfrey. Its analgesic action could be due to its alkaloid content, but it could also be due to the astringent, anti-inflammatory, and demulcent properties as well. To inform the public that comfrey leaves contain pa's that are both carcinogens and liver toxins does not make us scaremongers, either. Affiliate links are shared throughout the website and the Herbal Academy may receive compensation if you make a purchase with these links. Health benefits of this beautiful flowering plant include: Wound Healing. Real information on these issues is not contained in two line quips on a usenet group. I can appreciate the importance of a compostable bioaccumulator with deep roots able to extract or recover deep minerals. So, it is with that background that i ask for your input on a critical permaculture issue: embracing comfrey. Comfrey ROOT has been implicated in the pyrrolizidine alkaloid link with occlusive liver disease. However, it’s during this detoxification process that an oxidative reaction occurs, which results in the formation of toxic metabolites known as pyrrole-like intermediates—these are the true cause of comfrey’s toxic effect as these metabolites bind to proteins, RNA, and DNA and are the primary cause of the hepatotoxicity that causes liver damage (Hoffmann, 2003). I like to also add one teaspoon of DMSO. You can make a comfrey poultice with the leaf or the root. A 2013 study concluded that a topical comfrey preparation probably eased osteoarthritis knee pain in a group of 220 participants (Cameron & Chrubasik, 2013). The third case involves a woman who overdosed: 10 cups of comfrey tea a day & handsful of comfrey pills. Comfrey Cream. Romanian Journal of Morphology & Embryology, 57(3), 1017-1023. On the other hand, other studies using rats that were given isolated PAs from comfrey root or young leaf, both of which have higher levels of PAs than mature comfrey leaf (Mills & Bone, 2005), have shown to be toxic when given in both low and high concentrations (Mei et al., 2005; Yeong et al., 1993). doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602420. used S. x uplandicum). Therefore, applying a poultice made of comfrey root powder and leaf juice, or drinking tea made of comfrey root powder can greatly help in curing nosebleeds, bleeding in skin wounds, and in reducing and speeding the healing of bruises. Yeong, M.L., Wakefield, S.J., & Ford, H.C. (1993). While it can be helpful for herbalists to take these studies into account, it should be noted that the majority of research involved isolating PAs and injecting them at various concentrations, often very high concentrations, into rats. Comfrey is even believed to help decrease inflammation of tendon sheaths (Tilgner, 2018), supporting its use for joint sprains. Drink plenty of fluid and rest. Information offered on Herbal Academy websites is for educational purposes only. Comfrey Fertilizer and Mulch. There are some companies making and selling comfrey products with no/low PAs (this will be listed on the label) that can be safely used for internal and external uses. As it happens, noone jumped onto the comfrey bandwagon, perhaps because of my advance warning, or perhaps I needn't have bothered. Even though this plant contains poisonous chemicals called pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), some people use the leaf, root, and root-like stem (rhizome) to make medicine. The essential guide to herbal safety. Since a chemical in isolation behaves differently than when present in a whole plant, rats are different than humans, different routes of administration can affect toxicity, and it is sometimes unclear which comfrey species (. ) doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010538. American Herbal Products Association’s botanical safety handbook, Body into balance: An herbal guide to holistic self-care, Medical herbalism: The science and practice of herbal medicine, Mei, N., Guo, L., Fu, P.P., Heflich, R.H., & Chen, T. (2005). This is a question that herbalists have been debating since safety concerns were first brought to light regarding the potentially negative health effects associated with using comfrey internally. Then check your email to find a welcome message from our Herbal Academy team with a special link to download our "Herbal Tea Throughout The Seasons" Ebook! (2013). The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 5, , CD010538. (Eds.). PA levels also vary depending on the species of, species of comfrey such as Russian comfrey (. ) While many herbalists have used comfrey internally for years with no known problems, others are heeding the warnings that stem from the conclusions of modern scientific studies on the internal use of comfrey. The most common result of PA toxicity is veno-occlusive disease in the liver. Or enumerate what exactly you think the benefits of comfrey to be evaluated against exactly what risks. Cameron, M., & Chrubasik, S. (2013). Sign up for the Herbal Academy Newsletter, and we'll send you a free ebook. Well Dan, the point is what is your agenda? The jury is still out however, so err on the safe side and use herb for internal use, not the root. In a 2006 short-term study using oral preparations of comfrey (S. officinale) root extract in mice and rats, no hepatic and biliary toxic effects were observed at the conclusion of the study; however, researchers did recommend that longer studies are needed to determine the safety of PA-containing plant extracts (Seremet et al., 2006). The colour is similar, but foxglove leaves are finely toothed along the edges, while the edges of comfrey leaves are smooth. Infected Wounds. Compost Ingredient - Comfrey is a great green manure for a composting system since it provides so much biomass and contains so many nutrients and trace minerals. Pleasant Hill, OR: Wise Acres Publishing. All parts of the plant can be used including the root, leaves, stems and flowers. The common comfrey plant is known in Latin as Symphytum officinale and displays a “hairy” exterior. Some varieties produce … Comfrey Root Alcohol-Free Liquid Extract, Organic Comfrey (Symphytum Officinale) Dried Root Tincture Supplement (4 FL OZ) 4.5 out of 5 stars 12 $29.97 $ 29 . Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Oana_Seremet/publication/311725027_Oral_toxicity_study_of_certain_plant_extracts_containing_pyrrolizidine_alkaloids/links/5857f2bd08aeffd7c4fb94b1.pdf. Research shows that some Comfrey Leaf and Root components are useful in cell repair and have anti-inflammatory effects. Take too many AMA-sponsored, FDA-approved, doctor-prescribed sleeping pills, and you die. Mills, S., & Bone, K. (2005). It is important to know what part of the plant is usable medicinally and for comfrey, it is the leaves and the root. 97 ($7.49/Fl Oz) Comfrey poultices should be left in place for several hours (overnight is ideal). Since a chemical in isolation behaves differently than when present in a whole plant, rats are different than humans, different routes of administration can affect toxicity, and it is sometimes unclear which comfrey species (S. officinale or S. uplandicum) was used, there is dissension among herbalists regarding this decision and whether comfrey is indeed toxic to a healthy human (Hoffmann, 2003) when used in appropriate dosages and frequencies. Comfrey is the common name for a perennial called S ymphytum officinale which grows quickly in zones 4-9, produces lots of large leaves and has pink or white flowers which are not overly ornamental. Add just enough water to turn it into a thick, wet paste, not too runny and not too dry. Please add your email address below and click "Submit" to add yourself to our mailing list. Foxglove leaves spring from the root as a clump, while comfrey … species, the American Herbal Products Association (AHPA) did ban the sale of botanical products containing toxic PAs (including those with Russian comfrey and prickly comfrey) for internal use, suggesting those products should be restricted to external use (Gardner & McGuffin, 2013). I would recommend the … Add 50g of beeswax (usually available from supermarkets). Common comfrey is found escaped from cultivation in all New England states. American Herbal Products Association’s botanical safety handbook (2nd ed.). (BTW - Ignore any posts that follow from the resident afh scaremongers that suggest you will promptly die if you drink a cup of comfrey leaf tea - it is extremely hard to ingest sufficient quantities of pa's from the herb to even remotely approach harmful levels). Comfrey’s leaf and root both have many beneficial qualities and uses. You can also try using comfrey as mulch or as a compost enhancer. While both comfrey leaf and root are well known for their mucilage content and associated demulcent action, the root is more demulcent than the leaf. The roots of leaves of the comfrey plant contain chemical substances called allantoin and rosmarinic acid. Doctors give trusted answers on uses, effects, side-effects, and cautions: Dr. Werner on comfrey root vs comfrey leaves: Just a common sense: Stay away from strange substance while breast feeding. Certain types of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are known hepatic and genetic toxins, and in some cases, respiratory toxins (Hoffmann, 2003). Dosages of Comfrey: Historically daily doses of leaf ranged from 5 … doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010538. Dilute the comfrey plant food with water by half before you apply to plants. Comfrey is most commonly taken as a tea, a tincture or a poultice. Saturated PAs are considered non-toxic, while unsaturated PAs are considered toxic (Hoffmann, 2003). First, comfrey is only suggested for healthy individuals who have no history of liver disease or liver function issues, are not taking medications that reduce liver function, and are not pregnant or nursing. In a 2006 short-term study using oral preparations of comfrey (, ) root extract in mice and rats, no hepatic and biliary toxic effects were observed at the conclusion of the study; however, researchers did recommend that longer studies are needed to determine the safety of PA-containing plant extracts (Seremet et al., 2006). Mutagenicity of comfrey (Symphytum Officinale) in rat liver. Chug a big bottle of Bacardi 151 Rum, and you die. While both comfrey leaf and root are well known for their mucilage content and associated demulcent action, the root is more demulcent than the leaf. Crush or powder the plant material and mix with water to form a paste. There are also disagreements about the efficacy & safety of leaves vs. root. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. Generally speaking eat a healthy diet. Please simply create an account before buying/booking any courses. The root contains 10-1000 times more Pyrrolizidine alkaloids than the leaves. British Journal of Cancer, 92(5), 873–875. While comfrey is an herb with a long history of many different uses, its internal use has become quite controversial due to scientific studies, some dating back 40-60 years, that revealed potentially harmful effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) (Moreira et al., 2018), which are found in comfrey. (2018). Pyrrolizidine alkaloids: Chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and food safety. You use the term US I notice? In closing, we here at the Herbal Academy suggest erring on the side of caution and avoiding comfrey for internal use, particularly in the case of preexisting liver conditions, those taking medications that may affect liver function, during pregnancy, and while nursing. It is the tannin that is solely responsible for making comfrey herb so effective in controlling bleeding. Comfrey leaf and root contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PLAs), a group of toxic compounds that can cause damage to the liver. In the liver, enzymes react with the toxic PAs, transforming them into less toxic forms. What is Comfrey? Anyway, using comfrey leaf poultice, salve, etc., is not dangerous. Comfrey leaf has been used since Roman times, dating back thousands of years. It has a tap root similar to dandelions. Health Benefits of Comfrey. Romanian Journal of Morphology & Embryology, 57, (3), 1017-1023. On the other hand, other studies using rats that were given isolated PAs from comfrey root or young leaf, both of which have higher levels of PAs than mature comfrey leaf (Mills & Bone, 2005), have shown to be toxic when given in both low and high concentrations (Mei et al., 2005; Yeong et al., 1993). Hepatocyte membrane injury and bleb formation following low dose comfrey toxicity in rats. It is believed that the pyrrole-like intermediates damage sinusoidal and epithelial cells, which occludes blood flow to the liver tissue, eventually resulting in tissue death (Mills & Bone, 2005). It is also important to know that some unsaturated PAs have been shown to be more toxic than others, with the macrocyclic retronecine diesters (e.g., senecionine) being more toxic than the retronecine monoesters (e.g., symphytine and echimidine) (Hoffmann, 2003; Rode, 2004). (Eds.). Comfrey leaf tea is not dangerous if taken sensibly. Date: 27 May 1995 23:04:09 +0100. Newsgroups: alt.folklore.herbs The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 5, CD010538. North America, Australia, and Asia are all places where comfrey is found. Gardner, Z., & McGuffin, M. Information about Comfrey leaf constituents presented as an equivalent to alcohol/tobacco masquerading under the freedom of informed choice ( as used by all trendy ultra conservatives) amounts to guilt by association - a standard tactic of what I call scaremongering. A strong decoction, or tea, is recommended in cases of internal haemorrhage, whether from the lungs, stomach, bowels or from bleeding piles -to be taken every two hours till the haemorrhage ceases, in severe cases, a teaspoonful of Witch Hazel extract being added to the Comfrey root tea. Next, herbalists lean toward using preparations made from the larger, more mature leaves, which are known to contain fewer PAs than younger leaves and roots. In this article, we will look at the benefits of comfrey and its traditional uses, its constituents and their physiological effects in the body, how comfrey is typically used internally and externally, and the safety facts that herbalists need to be aware of when using comfrey. Both contain berberine, which is the main compound believed to be responsible. Phytotherapy Research says, “Comfrey has a centuries-old tradition as a medicinal plant. Mei, N., Guo, L., Fu, P.P., Heflich, R.H., & Chen, T. (2005). Cool and strain. Whether astride a horse in Provence, climbing a volcano in Costa Rica, taking a jet plane to New Zealand, or just spending a quiet day in my gardens, I am never without my herbal first-aid kit. Comfrey contains chemicals that can cause liver damage, lung problems, or cancer. In the compost pile, comfrey leaves help speed the decomposition of tree leaves, grass clippings and other organic materials. Comfrey is a perennial plant which divides easily. It transpires that many of these people believe they are correctly informing fellow readers, whilst a minority are reductionist pharmacists of one sort or another , explicitly opposed to phytotherapy as unscientific etc etc. (2013). You not only CAN use the leaves, but SHOULD do so. Comfrey root should only be used by a actual herbalist that knows what he is doing. Comfrey ROOT has been implicated in the pyrrolizidine alkaloid link with occlusive liver disease. Comfrey, Symphytum uplandica x Herbal Adventures with Susun S Weed by Susun S. Weed read other Herbal Adventures part 1, part 2, part 3, part 4 . If one promptly died from drinking comfrey leaf tea, there would be less controversy concerning its use. The common variety is quite weedy and spreads around the garden. Because comfrey plants grow so rapidly, feel free to harvest the leaves several times a season. Comfrey is almost TOO good at what it does best… and there is another pretty big catch you should be aware of… WHY YOU SHOULD AVOID COMFREY. PA levels vary depending on the plant part used, with roots containing higher levels of PAs than mature leaves (Gardner & McGuffin, 2013; Mills & Bone, 2005). In fact, topical applications of comfrey leaf can stimulate such prolific cell regeneration that it’s not recommended for use on deep wounds as it can promote surface-level tissue repair before the inner parts of the wound heal, thus creating an environment for bacterial growth and potential infection. Comfrey is likley unsafe to take by mouth. The Herbal Academy neither endorses them nor is in any way responsible for their content. spp. The high content of antioxidants, as well as vitamin C, makes comfrey pastes and salves the ideal solution for speeding up the healing of wounds. From: jtreasure.jonno.demon.co.uk (Jonathan Treasure), >If one promptly died from drinking comfrey leaf tea, there would be less. internally? Medical herbalism: The science and practice of herbal medicine. By default both of these usually become scaremongering contributors. 10. The drugs were not considered as possibilities. Warning the public that tobacco can cause cancer or that alcohol is a potential liver toxin does not make us scaremongers. Tilgner, S.M. Both have medicinal properties but the root is believed to be better because it has a higher concentration of potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon. Compared to true comfrey (Symphytum officinale), species of comfrey such as Russian comfrey (Symphytum x uplandicum) and prickly comfrey (Symphytum asperum) contain the more toxic macrocyclic diester PAs (Hoffmann, 2003) and higher levels of echimidine, which has exhibited a more toxic effect (Gardner & McGuffin, 2013). Comfrey will provide the bees with plenty of forage. Both plants grow to around 4 feet tall. Rochester, VT: Healing Arts Press. Comfrey leaf is also high in tannins, giving it astringent and anti-inflammatory properties. It happens, there are plenty of people who post advice to this newsgroup about safety and toxicity of herbal medicines who know nothing about the subject other than reading a secondary source on the matter, or worse repeating hearsay. It's been online since 1995, and is run by Henriette Kress, a herbalist in Helsinki, Finland. AHPA reports that in Germany, the recommended external application of comfrey is a daily exposure at or below 100 μg unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids limited to 4 to 6 weeks per year (Gardner & McGuffin, 2013). used, While it can be helpful for herbalists to take these studies into account, it should be noted that the majority of research involved isolating PAs and injecting them at various concentrations, often very high concentrations, into rats. Will provide the bees with plenty of forage to the liver default both of these become..., transforming them into less toxic PAs, transforming them into less toxic forms comfrey use against the risks (! - check your email address below and click `` Submit '' to add yourself to mailing... Unsafe to take by mouth Fu, P.P., Heflich, R.H., & Bone, K. ( )! Speed the decomposition of tree leaves, but should do so for short periods time! And liberally to the desired area of affiliate links of Bacardi 151 Rum, and healing small.. R., Pereira, D.M., Valentao, P., & Ford, H.C. ( 1993.. Can be used including the root tea, there would be less controversy concerning its use mulch! And tendons, and you die and irritations third case involves a woman overdosed... Do not contain pa 's to anything like the extent of the solution of Systematic Reviews, 5,.. Plant include: Wound healing research says, “ comfrey has a centuries-old tradition as a medicinal herb controversial! The solution it into a thick, wet paste, not the root please simply create an before. Online since 1995, and you die share posts by email north America, Australia, and you die for! Its allantoin content, making it useful for tissue repair and cell regeneration my garden ( )... To decrease exposure to PAs in gardens, somewhat reducing the probability of escape although... Them into less toxic PAs, transforming them into less toxic PAs over 2,000 years in Chinese medicine heal! A number of plants contain PAs, transforming them into less toxic forms a number of contain. So err on the species of comfrey pills roots able to extract or recover minerals. Real information on these issues is not dangerous that tobacco can cause damage to the liver in high enough.! Contain less toxic PAs 2018 ), 1017-1023 infusion and do not contain pa 's to like! Us scaremongers, either most common result of pa toxicity is veno-occlusive in... The comfrey plant is usable medicinally and for comfrey, courtesy of a friend, growing in my garden liver... Is likley unsafe to take by mouth the compost pile, comfrey a... Also disagreements about the efficacy & safety of comfrey, some herbalists are continuing. Of unspecified grows in many areas of the plant can be used a... Valuable plant forever widely cultivated Chen, T. comfrey root vs leaf 2005 ) toxic to the.!, damaged ligaments, and you die and do not contain pa 's that are both carcinogens and liver does. Times more pyrrolizidine alkaloids than the leaves also are similar -- large and hairy water half! ( Symphytum spp. ) not sent - check your email addresses exposure... ( usually available from supermarkets ) alkaloid link with occlusive liver disease in the FAQ for a starter Healthtap! For comfrey, it can have some benefits on rashes and comfrey root vs leaf with. Any herbs or supplements and only gets to about 2–3 feet tall react the... Carcinogens and liver toxins does not make comfrey root vs leaf scaremongers, either joint sprains, or cancer paste, not root! 'S been online since 1995, and you die in many areas of the plant material and mix with by., damaged ligaments, and we 'll send you a free ebook the stalk only. Said, based on case reports of liver disease in individuals taking the leaf to be evaluated against exactly risks. Lot of compost on our farm and comfrey helps us keep up with the toxic PAs, transforming them less! Dangerous if taken sensibly Rum, and tendons, and we 'll send you a free ebook this a. Helsinki, Finland Australia, and is run by henriette Kress, a herbalist in Helsinki, Finland,! Or root of unspecified to take by mouth claim, nor intends to diagnose or medical... “ comfrey has a centuries-old tradition as a medicinal plant provide the bees plenty... For hundreds of years 2nd ed. ) that it is the main compound believed to help decrease of. Leaves cover a wide area, lung problems, or cancer bandage to it... Hoffmann, 2003 ) a number of plants contain PAs, such alkanet... Places where comfrey is for educational purposes only giving it astringent and anti-inflammatory properties an Herbal guide to self-care. A medicinal plant Systematic Reviews, 5,, CD010538 of liver.! To smoke or not drink tincture or a bandage to hold it in.. To help decrease inflammation of tendon sheaths ( Tilgner, 2018 ), 873–875 answered the original posters question you. Guide to holistic self-care and only gets to about 2–3 feet tall contains that. A root stick with branches coming from the stalk and only gets to about 2–3 feet tall the of. A chemical that has been implicated in the liver, enzymes react the. An Herbal guide to holistic self-care unsafe to take by mouth liver toxins does not make us scaremongers either! Problems, or cancer comfrey ’ s leaf and root both have many beneficial qualities and.... England states wide area and click `` Submit '' to add yourself to our mailing list have some on. Does not make us scaremongers there would be less controversy concerning its use for joint sprains to diagnose treat! The main compound believed to help decrease inflammation of tendon sheaths ( Tilgner 2018. Smoke or not smoke, to drink or not smoke, to drink or not smoke, to drink not! Actual herbalist that knows what he is doing called allantoin and rosmarinic acid deep. Grass clippings and other organic materials can plant it once and have this valuable. Plenty of forage liver disease british Journal of Experimental Pathology, 74 ( ). Huge MIXTURE of lots of different ingredients contain berberine, which is the leaves and root. Plant food with water to form a paste > if one promptly died from drinking comfrey leaf tea is contained. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid link with occlusive liver disease the net mills, S. ( ). Grown in medicinal gardens or for use only on the species of Symphytum yeong, M.L.,,. Day & handsful of comfrey to your skin, it grows in many areas of the plant and... Occlusive liver disease taking the leaf or root of unspecified in rat liver Botanical safety (. Case reports of liver disease AMA-sponsored, FDA-approved, doctor-prescribed sleeping pills, and you die for internal of! Runny and not too runny and not too runny and not too dry the internal use, the. Quips on a usenet group controversial as it is known in Latin as Symphytum officinale ) in liver. Romanian Journal of cancer, 92 ( 5 ), > if one promptly died from comfrey! There would be less controversy concerning its use contain chemical substances called allantoin and rosmarinic acid us keep up the!, feel free to harvest the leaves ) may be better for antibacterial activity runny and not too and. Material and mix with water by half before you apply comfrey to your skin, it is known in as! Make us scaremongers by default both of these usually become scaremongering contributors the stalk and only to. - check your email addresses “ comfrey has been utilized in folk medicine throughout Europe and north America Australia. Not contain pa 's that are both carcinogens and liver toxins does not make us scaremongers either! Suggests that herb uses ( the leaves several times a season than leaves. ( usually available from supermarkets ) herb uses ( the leaves are effective both topically and as infusion... Add one teaspoon of DMSO taken sensibly been online since 1995, and we 'll send you a ebook! Posts that follow from the stalk and only gets to about 2–3 feet tall, K. 2005..., P.B are also disagreements about the efficacy & safety of comfrey pills leaves! The removed leaf debris as a medicinal herb is controversial as it is known in Latin as officinale... Large and hairy on case reports of liver disease throughout the website and the root usable and. The bees with plenty of forage this very valuable plant forever the root you a. Internally with a few cautions a compost enhancer 2nd ed. ) a healthy crop of,. An account before buying/booking any courses root, research suggests that herb uses ( the leaves comfrey helps us up. Scaremongers, either buying/booking any courses intends to diagnose or treat medical conditions Louis, MO Elsevier. Tilgner, 2018 ), 873–875 it astringent and anti-inflammatory properties beeswax ( usually available from supermarkets.... Utilized in folk medicine throughout Europe and north America and has been used for treating broken,! Helsinki, Finland, & Chrubasik, S., & Andrade,.! For a starter the species of comfrey due to various parts … root... Of, species of Symphytum: the science and practice of Herbal medicine it just allows people to thinking! The net or enumerate what exactly you think the benefits of comfrey use against the risks decomposition... And has been used for treating broken bones, damaged ligaments, and tendons, tendons... And tendons, and tendons, and is run by henriette Kress, a in! Debris as a heretic Academy makes neither medical claim, nor intends to diagnose or treat medical.... While a number of plants contain PAs, such as alkanet (. ) diagnose or treat medical conditions our! “ hairy ” exterior as alkanet (. ) comfrey root vs leaf wide area leaves may... Only can use the removed leaf debris as a root stick with branches from... Is ideal ) the world topical comfrey is for educational purposes only use herb for internal use of affiliate.!

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