in International Law from Leiden University and a B.A. Protesters are demanding an end to corruption, the replacement of the government with independent experts, and an end to the sectarian political system. Structural violence requires long-term solutions, such as strengthening the police, justice, and prison systems. Mass demonstrations over the Kashmir issue and against the CAA are routinely organized within Pakistan, and Pakistani leaders have criticized Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s tactics at international forums such as the UN General Assembly. “A big part of what we do and how we bring change is about bringing people from either side of our community together, getting them to know one another and breaking down those mental barriers because they’re the hardest barriers to break down,” said Ciarán Shannon, DCP Manager. If a US-Taliban deal is reached, a further phased withdrawal of US and NATO forces in exchange for security guarantees by the Taliban is to be expected. All data for the selected area(s) will be exported. The demonstrations initially began in the capital of Beirut after the cabinet announced a proposal to increase taxes on messaging apps, including WhatsApp, as well as tobacco and petrol as part of a series austerity measures (BBC, 7 November 2019). Regional Overview: Europe 12-18 January 2020, Regional Overview: Middle East 19-25 January 2020, Explosive Developments: The Growing Threat of IEDs in Western Niger, Democracy Delayed: Parliamentary Elections and Insecurity in Mali, A Vicious Cycle: The Reactionary Nature of Militant Attacks in Burkina Faso and Mali, Heeding the Call: Sahelian militants answer Islamic State leader al-Baghdadi’s call to arms with a series of attacks in Niger, No Home Field Advantage: The Expansion of Boko Haram’s Activity Outside of Nigeria in 2019, JNIM: A Rising Threat to Stability in the Sahel, The New Normal: Continuity and Boko Haram’s Violence in North East Nigeria, Insecurity in Southwestern Burkina Faso in the Context of an Expanding Insurgency, Yemen’s Fractured South: ACLED’s Three-Part Series, Inside Ibb: A Hotbed of Infighting in Houthi-Controlled Yemen, How Houthi-Planted Mines are Killing Civilians in Yemen, Yemen’s Urban Battlegrounds: Violence and Politics in Sana’a, Aden, Ta’izz and Hodeidah, ACLED Methodology and Coding Decisions around the Yemen Civil War, The Border Campaign: Pakistan-India Border Violence and the Indian Elections, The Indian General Election 2019: A Final Recap, Securing Democracy: Electoral Violence in India, Blurring the Line of Control: How Indian Public Engagement has Shaped the Kashmir Conflict, Citizenship Row: India’s Controversial Citizenship Amendment Bill, 2016, ACLED Resources: Al Shabaab in Somalia and Kenya, Resilience: Al Shabaab Remains a Serious Threat, Not with a Whimper but with a Bang: Al Shabaab’s Resilience and International Efforts Against the Rebels, Continued Conflict: Updates on Iraq, Sri Lanka, and Somalia, Same Tune, New Key: Al Shabaab Adapts in the Face of Increased Military Pressure, War Drums: Rising Tensions Between the US and Iran, Call Unanswered: A Year of Protest in Iran, Borderline: Foreign Support and Spillover Conflicts in Iran’s Volatile Border Zones, The World According to the Taliban: New Data on Afghanistan, War of Attrition: A New Year of Violence in Afghanistan, Eastern Afghanistan: A Tale of Two Provinces, Fighting Bullets with Ballots: Afghanistan’s Chaotic Election, ACLED Methodology and Coding Decisions around the Conflict in Afghanistan, Bad Blood: Violence in Ethiopia Reveals the Strain of Ethno-Federalism under Prime Minister Abiy, Change and Continuity in Protests and Political Violence in PM Abiy’s Ethiopia, Assessing Political Violence & Demonstrations in the United States: ACLED Pilot Data & Preliminary Findings, Demonstrations in East Asia in 2020 Over China’s Mongolian Language Policy, CDT Spotlight: Demonstrations in Argentina, When Emerging Democracies Breed Violence: Sierra Leone 20 Years after the Civil War, The Wartime Transformation of AQAP in Yemen. The splinter groups are competing violently over the existing drug trade infrastructure, but are also constantly evolving and diversifying criminal activities by engaging in kidnapping, extortion, fuel theft, and human trafficking. Similarly, In Bihar, the NDA will have to contend against UPA as well as the incumbent Janata Dal (United). While 39.7 per cent of Indian respondents believe the most pressing problem is poverty, 32.7 per cent believe it is religious conflict and 31.1 per cent says it is lack of education. At the same time, citizens are suffering from the rising cost of living, stagnation in wages, and increasing unemployment rates. The conference brought together high-profile experts, international organizations, business leaders, government officials and academics for a conversation on the challenges faced by cities, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. They’re talking about bringing these walls down, but that’s definitely not going to happen,” she said. The likelihood of a successful outcome of the negotiations – which were resumed after Trump paid a surprise Thanksgiving visit to US troops in Afghanistan – is high. 2. Ameneh Mehvar is the Middle East Research Manager at ACLED. Compiled by Catholics aimed to have a united Ireland, while Protestants fought to keep their British allegiance. The recent passage of the CAA threatens to generate continuing violence between demonstrators and police, as well as violence between left-wing opponents and right-wing supporters of the law across India. A USIP Fact Sheet Tuesday, August 4, 2020 Publication Type: Fact Sheet. The walls were meant to be temporary, but they helped to calm tensions and decrease attacks between the two communities living in close proximity and became permanent. Related: What the UK's new power deal means in the DUP's Belfast heartland. Major wars (10,000 or more combat-related deaths in current or past year) The 2 conflicts in the following list have caused at least 10,000 direct, violent deaths per year in battles between identified groups, in a current or past calendar year. Lauren holds a BA in Human Rights, a Graduate Diploma in Law, and a LLM in International Criminal Law. The BDC election results were indicative of the growing dissociation between Kashmiri citizens and the BJP. The president tasked the newly formed National Guard – composed of military and federal forces, as well as new recruits – with addressing the problem, thereby prolonging the formerly unsuccessful militarization of the security situation. A mural on the Falls Road in west Belfast in protest of the peace walls coming down. Last year, ACLED assessed that the Sahel was “most likely to be the geopolitical dilemma of 2019.” The Sahel now hosts more multiple, moving threats than it did in 2018: Nigeria’s Boko Haram has become a regional threat; Cameroon’s north is beset by cross-border violence; Chad is beginning to experience insurgency attempts in several uncoordinated spaces; Niger’s Tillaberi region – once able to stay the pressure from its borders – is now within the sights of an IS affiliate (Al Jazeera, 22 September 2019); and Burkina Faso is engulfed in conflict across all regions, as groups from Mali continue their southern encroachment. But for Brennan, Forsyth, Thompson and many others living near peace walls in Belfast and around Northern Ireland, it seems they are going to be a source of security for the foreseeable future. In South and Southeast Asia, active conflicts affect regions that are roughly the size of Indonesia and inhabited by more than 130 million people. The recent US-Iran conflict also has the potential to impact Iran’s domestic stability. These views are particularly widespread among white evangelical Protestants, two-thirds of whom see at least some conflict between their own religious beliefs and mainstream American culture. Internally, rising agitation against a controversial legislative measure sparked violence as the bill was eventually ratified as the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 (CAA). Although the Indian government has taken steps to scale back communication and security restrictions in Muslim-majority J&K, its policy towards India’s Kashmiri citizens has created more friction within an already tense relationship. Al Shabaab is likely to renew attempts at de-legitimizing the Somali government through frequent attacks, and Somalia’s Gulf allies are equally likely to ramp up efforts at securing political sway ahead of the general election. Hayley Todd, 32, a care assistant, was visiting her mother in the house where she grew up in Short Strand. “If we look at [peace walls] in a realistic world, we shouldn't need them, but also in a realistic world, it gives me more sense of security,” he said at his doorstep with a giant sign that reads, “Welcome to loyalist Cluan Place. All rights reserved. It is anticipated that the number of troops will be reduced from about 13,000 to 8,600 in the near future, most likely by the November 2020 US general election (NBC, 2 August 2019). “When we first moved in here [seven years ago], it was mental with things coming over [the wall] and kids not being able to play on the street,” said Rosanne Thompson, 38, a professional caregiver who has a peace wall running across the back garden of her council house. Here we briefly examine the root causes of the religious crisis in Nigeria and how they can be mitigated. Want to see what's on deck? But before any substantial reduction in violence can be achieved, the two sides will have to agree about the future of Afghanistan’s democracy and electoral process, rights of women, the fate of heavily armed warlords, and a host of other highly contentious issues (USA Today, 29 December 2019). Weeks of protests rallies held in Hawassa culminated in a successful referendum that determined Sidama as Ethiopia’s 10th semi-autonomous regional state. All data for the selected actor or actor type(s) will be exported. The first conflict between the Houthis and anti-Houthi forces decreased in intensity as the UN-brokered Stockholm Agreement bore some fruit in 2019, leading to a dramatic decline in clashes and fatalities in and around the key port city of Hodeidah. Furthermore, the group could be a refuge for Taliban fighters who fear retribution if they were to return home after years of hostilities (Reuters, 15 August 2019). Additionally, pre-election campaigning in Bihar, as well as in states like West Bengal and Assam where legislative assembly elections are slated to be held in 2021, can be expected to produce more political violence. Should the disease spread to an active conflict zone or a major city, the humanitarian crisis will be even more severe. The Arab-Israeli conflict is a contest over a particular territory. Current Event "Religious conflicts around the globe and a solution" written by Anna Shaukat on Oct 15, 2020. Ameneh is fluent in Persian, English and German, and has a working knowledge in Arabic. The crisis engulfing the Sahel region of North Africa continues to worsen, with interethnic violence increasing and jihadists extending their reach. There wasn’t a night when something didn’t happen.". Before the vote, President Trump tweeted a quote suggesting that impeachment would cause a “Civil War like fracture in this Nation from which our Country will never heal” [sic] (The New Yorker, 5 October 2019), and he has increasingly indicated that any attempt to remove him from office — either in Congress or at the ballot box — will be considered illegitimate (Politico, 21 June 2019). Despite the BJP’s increased numbers in the Rajya Sabha post-2014, the opposition majority has hindered the BJP’s ability to pass controversial bills (Money Control, 1 January 2020). It is expected that, in 2020, brutal everyday violence will continue unabated, and homicide rates will break records once again. The US dramatically ramped up its engagement in Somalia, striking Al Shabaab targets at unprecedented rates. Others, often more violent, forwarded demands for enhanced cultural and political autonomy for ethnic groups in the country. ACLED records frequent protest events throughout the year, many in support or opposition to the Prime Minister’s reformist agendas. In early January 2020, the STC announced its withdrawal from the agreement’s implementing committees (Reuters, 5 January 2020). The US escalation is part of an effort to weaken Al Shabaab prior to the upcoming handover of security operations from AMISOM to the Somali armed forces. But it also has important lessons about how groups change and evolve to foster their adaptation in new environments and circumstances: those groups have diffused through taking advantage of the local authority and political competitions that have beset northern Mali, Burkina Faso since 2012, and, increasingly, Niger. To understand this conflict, it is essential to look back into the history of the area. She holds a LL.M. In addition to opposition within India to the situation in J&K, dissent against the CAA surged during the final quarter of 2019. However, Iran could aim to disrupt shipping in the Strait of Hormuz or launch cyber attacks. There are a number of questions remaining about how the military conflict between the US and Iran will unfold. Some conflicts associated with Kenya’s political history have occurred at different times (1982-2008), whilst the occurrence of conflict in the rest of the Rift Valley escalates during periods of electioneering. The parties to this conflict are mainly Palestinian Arabs and Israeli Jews, and the territory […] While major clashes on the Oromia-Somali regional state borders cooled significantly during 2019, new conflicts have arisen across the country. Potentially more serious are a number of political movements that are vehemently opposed to Abiy’s ethno-nationalistic aims, including those advocating for complete succession (Ethiopian Insight, 28 September 2019). “Of the thirty conflicts in this year’s survey, only two were judged as having a low likelihood of occurring in 2020.” Experts continue to rank threats to the U.S. homeland as top concerns. IS-K could especially appeal to mid- and low-level Taliban commanders who may lose out in a peace deal, or the militants who wish to continue the fight against those who they see as infidels. At the same time, religious conflict may be used as a front for a hidden political agenda. This article talks about the religious conflict that is still happening in this world and how to reduce religious violence. Boko Haram (BH) attacks continued in Far North. With the ever-present threat of another militant attack looming over J&K, and the Indian government’s stance on Pakistan as a militant safe haven (BBC, 1 May 2019), 2020 is expected to be a perilous year for the future of India-Pakistan relations. Republicans refuse any notion of a physical border with the Republic of Ireland and the New Irish Republican Army dissidents — who have been on the rise since the Brexit announcement — say they will attack any infrastructure raised on the border. Since then, the Trump administration has imposed additional sanctions on Iran and designated the IRGC as a foreign terrorist organization. If conditions continue to get worse in Lebanon, this will fuel anger among the general public and the demonstrators. in Political Science and Law. These Jews called themselves Zionists and they came with the view of settling on the land and building, or as they saw it ‘rebuilding’, a Jewish homeland in Palestine. Kohn, George C. Dictionary of Wars. Protestant loyalists, meanwhile, fear the potential of a united Ireland. Under pressure, the government withdrew the tax proposal and by the end of October, Prime Minister Saad Hariri announced his resignation (BBC, 29 October 2019). After turbulent 2020, faith in America faces more big issues. The vast majority of events involving gangs recorded by ACLED in 2019 were instances of violence against civilians. The rise of authoritarianism — and impunity — has generated significant public reaction in the form of mass protest movements, but it has also increased the level of violence imposed upon civilians and political competition. Each of the ethnic conflicts that erupted throughout the last 30 years were the result of multiple factors. The conflicts began in December 2012 when rebels accused the government of failing to abide by the peace agreements. Federalist agendas and the push for greater autonomy in Ethiopia’s regional states are already shaping the country’s political landscape ahead of the 2020 election (Africa News, 2 January 2020), amplifying tensions between ethnic groups. Tensions first began to escalate in May 2018, when President Donald Trump announced the US withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), reinstating all sanctions that had been lifted as part of the nuclear accord. “Everybody wants to live in peace, but I can’t see it. Sam earned his BA in Political Theory from Franklin & Marshall College and his MA in Ethics, Peace, and Human Rights from American University's School of International Service. Roudabeh Kishi is the Director of Research & Innovation at ACLED. Today, many residents who live along these walls still want them to remain. Serious violence has yet to occur as a result of these relationships, but the political strain jeopardizes the future of an already fragile state. In 2002, a huge spate of sectarian violence rose after the peace agreement. Intolerance is the main cause of religious riots and conflicts not only in Nigeria but around the world. Governments are also much more likely to use violence against their citizens without international reproach. News about Religion and Belief, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times. Lauren Blaxter is a Middle East Research Manager at ACLED. This move appears to have done little to quell the protests. But if negotiations remain fruitless and sanctions are snapped back, Iran has warned that it would withdraw from the nuclear nonproliferation treaty (Guardian, 15 January 2020). Braden is fluent in English, Arabic, and Amharic and is based in Washington, DC. His nephew Abba Kyari is the current Chief of Staff to his government. A lot of lies have been told on both the 'leave' and "remain" campaigns, and personally I think, once again, Northern Ireland and our communities are being played as a pawn in the game,” he said. Violent political instability is on the rise in the US. In 2019, the world witnessed a drastic increase in violent disorder that assumed many forms: protests from Lebanon to Hong Kong and Iraq to Chile; geopolitical competition in Yemen and Syria; dominant insurgencies in Somalia and Afghanistan; a cartel-insurgency in Mexico; and a diffuse, adaptable militant threat across the Sahel. The widespread conflicts and internal division have made Ethiopia prone to intense, sporadic violence. The inauguration of President Andrés Manuel López Obrador on 1 December 2018 brought an end to institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) rule, which dominated Mexican politics for much of the 20th century. Also unknown is the future of IS-K in Afghanistan. Journalist's death stirs difficult memories of Bloody Sunday, A New Protestant beginning for the Irish language in Belfast, What the UK's new power deal means in the DUP's Belfast heartland, This tiny Northern Ireland town fears a Brexit hard border could stir more ‘Troubles’, For this city in Northern Ireland, Brexit is a big headache, Green China: Where authoritarianism and environmentalism meet, US Capitol attack exposes depth of America's problem with white extremism, China’s 'vaccine diplomacy' fills void in developing world left by US 'vaccine nationalism', Civilian labor in reconstruction: Part II. ACLED records the highest number of violent events involving the Taliban in the provinces of Helmand, Ghazni, and Kandahar, which also accounted for more than 25% of the total number of reported fatalities in 2019. Please be aware that ACLED covers over 100 countries, but the period of active coverage differs by region and country. INTRODUCTION. “It’s so easy for things to turn. 4. Since mid-October 2019, Lebanese citizens across all sectors and demographics have taken to the street to express a variety of grievances with the government. Country insists all people who die of virus are cremated even if it violates religious beliefs Published: 30 Dec 2020 Muslim Council of Britain challenges forced Covid cremations in Sri Lanka He proposes a new customs border in the Irish Sea between Britain and Northern Ireland. The deteriorating security situation also generated protest activity throughout the country, with demonstrations organized by human rights groups, feminist activists, and families of disappeared persons calling for justice and an end to the violence. Authors: Asfandiyar Khan and Areeja Syed Palestine is a disputed territory between Palestine and Israel. The suspect reportedly justified the shooting — which was the deadliest attack recorded during ACLED’s three-month pilot — as “a response to the Hispanic invasion of Texas” (Guardian, 10 October 2019). During the second year of Abiy’s term, ACLED has recorded clashes between ethnic militias and communal groups near the Oromo-Afar regional state borders, the Guji Oromo-Gedeo community border areas, the Amhara-Gumuz regional state borders, the Oromo-Benishangul Gumuz regional state borders, and the Oromo special zones in Amhara region, among others – resulting in the displacement of millions (Africa News, 13 May 2019). Soleimani’s death briefly unified disparate sectors of Iranian society in nationalist sentiment. So much so that, in October 2019, a poll conducted by Georgetown University indicated that a majority of Americans believe the country is “two-thirds of the way” to outright civil war (New York Magazine, 25 October 2019). Thank you all for helping us reach our goal of 1,000 donors. Of the regime to repress domestic opposition intensify around the world is a disputed territory between and. The Irish language in Belfast and divides million today undertaken to solve the and. 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