Characteristics of electromagnetic waves: (i) Electromagnetic waves are produced by accelerating or oscillating charge. Write any four characteristics of electromagnetic waves. They are created due to the vibration of an electrical charge. Waves are described and measured by parameters like amplitude, frequency, and wavelength. (b) Is the conduction current equal to the displacement current? 2. The changing electric and magnetic fields result in the propagation of electromagnetic waves (or light waves) even in vacuum. Electromagnetic waves need no medium of propagation. Newton proposed the particle theory of light to explain the bending of light upon reflection from a mirror or upon refraction when passing from air into water. Electromagnetic wave equation describes the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum or through a medium. The electromagnetic waves also have the characteristics of reflection. We take the current to be the sum of the conduction and displacement currents. Characteristics of waves. However, higher frequency radiation, such as gamma rays and X-rays, are extremely harmful at certain exposure levels. Figure shows a capacitor made of two circular plates each of radius 12 cm, and separated by 5.0 mm. 3. Give two uses of (i) radio-waves (ii) Microwaves. Required fields are marked *. (b) What is the amplitude of the oscillating magnetic field? The changes in the electric field or the magnetic field represent the wave disturbance in the EM waves. Electromagnetic wave propagation does not require any material medium to travel. Write any four characteristics of electromagnetic waves give two uses of radio waves and microwaves - 8289829 Property 3: Electromagnetic Visible light is only a small part of a grou… Electromagnetic waves have constant velocity in vacuum and it is nearly equal to. (iii) In an electromagnetic wave, the electric Vector(E) and magnetic Vector(B) field vectors are at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. The formula above shows that they oscillate in phase.Since ID = I, we have B = μ0rI2πR2 If I = I0, the maximum value of current, thenAmplitude of B = maximum value of B = μ0rI02πR2 = μ0r2Irms2πR2 ∵ I0 = 2 Irms= 4π × 10-7 × 0.03 × 2 × 6.9 × 10-62 × 3.14 × (0.06)2T= 1.63 × 10-11T. Velocity – The velocity of electromagnetic wave in vacuum is 3 × 10 8 m/s. The energy from the sun is received by the earth through electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic Wave Equation. ultraviolet, 2 3 (2marks) microwaves (b) A standing wave produced in 1.2 m long string which has a mass per unit length of 1.84 x 10 kg/m. (c) Yes, Kirchhoff's first rule is valid at each plate of the capacitor provided. gamma rays, infrared, ultraviolet, microwaves (2marks) (b) A standing wave produced in 1.2 m long string which has a mass per unit length of 1.84 x 103 kg/m. Accelerated charges are responsible to produce electromagnetic waves. made of circular plates each of radius R = 6.0 cm has a capacitance C = 100 pF. (iv) E.M. waves are transverse in nature. Electromagnetic radiation can be defined as a form of energy that is produced by the movement of electrically charged particles traveling through a matter or vacuum or by oscillating magnetic and electric disturbance. \(\frac{1}{μ}\overrightarrow{E} ~×~ \overrightarrow{B}\). Find wavelength of electromagnetic waves of frequency 5 x 10 19 H z in free space. (a) Here,Radius of the circular plate, R = 6.0 cm Capacitance of the plates, C = 100 ρF = 100 × 10-12FAngular frequency, ω = 300 rad s-1Erms = 230 VTherefore, Irms = ErmsXC = Erms1ωC = Erms × ωC ∴ Irms = 230 × 300 × 100 × 10-12 = 6.9 × 10-6A = 6.9 μA (b) Yes, the conduction current is equal to the displacement current.I = ID, whether conduction current, I is steady d.c. or a.c. An accelerated charge produces a time-varying magnetic field which in turn produces a time-varying electric field. This can be shown below : ID = ε0d(ϕE)dt = ε0 ddt(EA) ∴ ϕE = EA⇒ ID = ε0AdEdt = ε0AddtQε0A ∵ E = σε0 = Qε0A ⇒ ID = ε0A × 1ε0AdQdt = dQdt = I(c) We know that, B = μ02πrR2ID This formula goes through even if displacement current, ID (and therefore magnetic field B) oscillates in time. The general solution to the electromagnetic wave equation is a linear superposition of waves of the form (,) = ((,)) = (− ⋅)(,) = ((,)) = (− ⋅)for virtually any well-behaved function g of dimensionless argument φ, where ω is the angular frequency (in radians per second), and k = (k x, k y, k z) is the wave vector (in radians per meter).. Definition: Electromagnetic waves or EM waves are waves that are created as a result of vibrations between an electric field and a magnetic field. Radio-waves 2. Digital radio is broadcast at a frequency of 2.5 billion hertz per second, or 2.5 GHz. You may also want to check out these topics given below! 2. (a) i) Write any four properties of an electromagnetic waves. Write any five electromagnetic waves in the order of decreasing frequency and sa metala write any two properties and uses of each (a) Given,Radius of capacitor plates, r = 12 cm = 0.12 mdistance between the plates, d = 5.0 mm = 5 × 10-3mCharge carried, I = 0.15 APermittivity of medium, ε0 = 8.85 × 10-12 C2 N-1 m2∴ Area of cross-section of plates, A = πR2 = 3.14 × (0.12)2 m2 Capacitance of parallel plate capacitor is given by C = ε0Ad = 8.85 × 10-12× (3.14) × (0.12)25 × 10-3 = 80.1 × 10-12 = 80.1 pFNow, charge on capacitor plate, q = CV ⇒ dqdt = C × dVdt⇒ I = C × dVdt ∵ I = dqdt ⇒ dVdt = IC = 0.1580.1 × 10-12 = 1.87 × 109 Vs-1 (b) Displacement current is equal to the conduction current i.e., 0.15 A. (c) Show that the average energy density of the E field equals the average energy density of the B field, [c = 3 × 108 m s-1]. The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum encompasses all wave frequencies, including radio, visible light and X-rays. All EM waves are made up of photons that travel through space until they interact with matter; some waves are absorbed and others are reflected. Accelerated charges are responsible to produce electromagnetic waves. The capacitor is being charged by an external source (not shown in the figure). In a plane electromagnetic wave, the electric field oscillates sinusoidally at a frequency of 2.0 × 1010 Hz and amplitude 48 V m-1. The refractive index of a material is given by: The light vector (also known as the electric vector) is the reason for the optical effects due to an electromagnetic wave. 3- E.M wave …. Here, Frequency of the plane EM wave, v = 2 × 1010HzAmplitude of electric field, E0 = 48 Vm-1 Therefore, Wavelength of the wave, λ = cv =3 × 1082 × 1010m = 1.5 × 10-2m Amplitude of oscillating magnetic field,B0 = E0c = 483 × 108T = 1.6 × 10-7T Energy density in electric field, μE = 12 ε0 E2Energy density in magnetic field, μB = 12μ0B2 Using the relation, we have E = cB, uE = 12 ε0 (cB)2 = c2 12 ε0 B2 But, c = 1μ0 ε0 ∴ μE = 1μ0 ε012ε0B2 = 12μ0B2 = μB Hence, the average energy density of electric field equals the average energy density of magnetic field. In National 4 Physics examine the properties of waves and use the wave equation, v = f λ, to relate the speed, frequency and wavelength. Give its two applications. (ii) Cellular phones use radio waves to transmit voice communication in the ultrahigh frequency (UHF) band.Uses of Microwaves:(i) Microwaves are used in Radar systems for aircraft navigation. Their frequencies remain unchanged but its wavelength changes when the wave travels from one medium to another. (b) Displacement current is equal to the conduction current i.e., 0.15 A. Answer: There are the following characteristics of electromagnetic waves : (i) Electromagnetic waves are propagated by oscillating electric and magnetic fields oscillating at right angles to each other. The charging current is constant and equal to 0.15A. What are the Characteristics of Electromagnetic Waves? (2 marks) o write any four properties of an electromagnetic waves 1) Arrange the following EM waves in ascending order of frequency gamma rays, Infrared. 2- E.M waves do not require any material medium for their propagation. This formula goes through even if displacement current, I. Electromagnetic waves are not deflected by electric or magnetic field. It means that when electromagnetic waves strike to the surface of conducting material, they are reflected back as shown in the given diagram. 2021 Zigya Technology Labs Pvt. Search. Your email address will not be published. (ii) Microwave ovens are used for cooking purposes. (ii) The oscillations of and are perpendicular to each other and are in same phase. Give two uses each of 1. (iii) E.M. waves travel in free space with a velocity C = 1μ0 ε0 which is equal to the velocity of light (c = 3 × 108 m/s). Use the formula E = hv (for energy of a quantum of radiation: photon) and obtain the photon energy in units of eV for different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Uses of Radio waves:(i) They are used in radio and TV communication systems. © Characteristic of electromagnetic waves are as follows: - (i) They do not require any material medium for their propagation. Write four main characteristics of electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves can show interference or diffraction. In an electromagnetic wave, the oscillating electric and magnetic fields are in the same phase and their magnitudes have a constant ratio. The inherent characteristic of electromagnetic waves is its frequency. the electric energy (. (iv) They travel through vacuum with same speed, (i) Radiowaves are used (a) in radiotransmission (a) What is the rms value of the conduction current? Electromagnetic Spectrum is the classification of these waves according to their frequency. ii) Arrange the following EM waves in ascending order of frequency. Write the expression for the velocity of electromagnetic waves in terms of permittivity and magnetic permeability of free space. In his view, light was a stream of particles emitted from a light source, entering the eye to stimulate sight. Description: Electromagnetic waves are formed when an electric field comes in contact with a magnetic field. Lower frequency electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves, are generally accepted to not be harmful. In what way are the different scales of photon energies that you obtain related to the sources of electromagnetic radiation. The frequency of an electromagnetic wave is a factor in whether it is relatively harmless or dangerous to living organisms. We know that electromagnetic waves include different types of waves like radio waves, microwaves, Infrared rays, Visible rays, Ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and gamma rays. The capacitor is connected to a 230 V ac supply with a (angular) frequency of 300 rad s-1. 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Electromagnetic waves are transverse in nature as they propagate by varying the electric and magnetic fields such that the two fields are perpendicular to each other. Then, 232, Block C-3, Janakpuri, New Delhi, Refraction of Electromagnetic Waves. (2marks) 2. Micro-waves. Newton's contemporary Christiaan Huygens showed that a wave theory of light could explain the laws of reflection and refraction. The 8 types of electromagnetic waves and their characteristics The electromagnetic waves , Within physics, play a preponderant role in understanding how the universe works. The velocity of a wave is the product of multiplication of wavelength and frequency. Characteristics of electromagnetic waves: (iii) E.M. waves travel in free space with a velocity. According to Maxwell, varying the electric field gives rise to a magnetic field. Most waves move through a supporting medium, with the disturbance being a physical displacement of the medium. The terminology of different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum is given in the text. explain any four characteristics of electromagnetic waves - Physics - TopperLearning.com | 3966 Delhi - 110058. Characteristics of Mechanical and Electromagnetic waves By: Susie and Braxton Electromagnetic Waves Do not need a medium to transfer energy. The direction of propagation of the electromagnetic wave is given by vector cross product of the electric field and magnetic field. Suppose that the electric field amplitude of an electromagnetic wave is E. = 120 N/C and that its frequency is v = 50.0 MHz. Thus, an electromagnetic wave consists of sinusoidal time-varying electric and magnetic fields, and both the fields are perpendicular to each other. We are giving a brief of these as well for your better understanding. Your email address will not be published. It is given as: \(\vec{E}\times \vec{B}\). (c) Determine the amplitude of B at a point 3.0 cm from the axis between the plates. Physics Assignment Help, Write any four characteristics of electromagnetic waves, Write any four characteristics of electromagnetic waves. electromagnetic wave propagating in the +x-direction, with the electric field E G pointing in the +y-direction and the magnetic field B G in the +z-direction, as shown in Figure 13.4.1 below. The magnetic and the electric fields come at 90° to each other and the combined waves move perpendicular to both electric and magnetic oscillating fields occurring the disturbance. Electromagnetic Wave Electromagnetic Wave are waves composed of undulating electrical fields and magnetic fields. (iv) E.M. waves are transverse in nature. EM waves are the waves which have the ability to travel through the vacuum of the outer space. Electromagnetic waves have constant velocity in vacuum and it is … (iii) They are transverse in nature. 4. We previously learned a lot about the structure and nature of waves. Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves. (ii) They do not require any material medium for propagation. 4. Wave characteristics. Listed below are some important characteristics and properties of electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves may be polarized. Capacitance of parallel plate capacitor is given by. In other words, EM waves are composed of oscillating magnetic and electric fields. Listed below are some important characteristics and properties of electromagnetic waves. Write any four characteristics of electromagnetic wave give two uses of radio waves and microwaves - Brainly.in. Radio, micro, infrared, x-ray, and TV waves are all examples. 1- Electromagnetic waves are produced by accelerating or oscillating charge. Property 2: They propagate by varying electric fields and magnetic fields, such that these two fields are at right angles to each other and at a right angle with the direction of propagation of the wave. We know that waves carry energy from one place to another and that they disturb their medium in a periodic fashion. Light is an example of an electromagnetic wave. (a) (i) or (ii) (iii) (iv) (b) Let the electromagnetic wave travel along +x-axis, and are along y-axis and z-axis respectivelty. (ii) E.M. waves do not require any material medium for their propagation. (iii) E.M. waves travel in free space with a velocity C = 1μ0 ε0 which is equal to the velocity of light (c = 3 × 108 m/s). Characteristics of electromagnetic waves: (i) Electromagnetic waves are produced by accelerating or oscillating charge. We can see waves in water and hear waves as sound, but we haven't yet discussed the waves that we perceive as light. Property 1: Electromagnetic waves are transverse in nature. From ripples on a pond to deep ocean swells, sound waves, and light, all waves share some basic characteristics. Since writing out 4,000,000 hertz is kind of clunky, it would be written as 4 gigahertz or 4 GHz. Download the PDF Question Papers Free for off line practice and view the Solutions online. (ii) E.M. waves do not require any material medium for their propagation. The characteristics of the electromagnetic spectrum are the propagation features and the amount of information which signals can carry. They are hence known as ‘electromagnetic’ waves. Give two characteristics of electromagnetic waves. The inherent characteristic of an electromagnetic wave is its frequency. Characteristics of electromagnetic waves : 1)EM waves always travel at speed of light irrespective of medium. Let the electromagnetic wave travel along +x-axis, and, https://www.zigya.com/share/UEhFTjEyMDU3MjQ3. Figure 13.4.1 A plane electromagnetic wave What we have here is an example of a plane wave since at any … The energy is carried by the electric and magnetic fields of electromagnetic waves are equal, i.e. The formula above shows that they oscillate in phase. (and therefore magnetic field B) oscillates in time. Ltd. Download books and chapters from book store. The Electromagnetic wave is having the characteristics of reflection just like the light waves. The ratio of the amplitudes of electric and magnetic fields is equal to the velocity of the electromagnetic wave. Electromagnetic waves are transverse in nature as they propagate by varying the electric and magnetic fields such that the two fields are perpendicular to each other. The different kinds of electromagnetic waves, such as light and radio waves, form the electromagnetic spectrum. It can be expressed as follows – Velocity = \[\lambda v\] Other characteristics of a wave are amplitude and period. A parallel plate capacitor (Fig.) The electromagnetic waves (EM waves) are transverse in nature. Broadly speaking, a wave is a disturbance that propagates through space. Mechanical Waves Need a (iv) E.M. waves are transverse in nature. Characteristics of electromagnetic waves (i) Electromagnetic waves are produced by accelerated charges. 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Wave consists of sinusoidal time-varying electric and magnetic field are generally accepted to not harmful... Perpendicular to each other ( i ) electromagnetic waves are formed when an electric field comes in contact with magnetic!, i, all waves share some basic characteristics give two uses of waves., varying the electric field oscillates sinusoidally at a frequency of 300 rad.... When electromagnetic waves ( EM waves 8 m/s require any material medium for their propagation means that electromagnetic! And their magnitudes have a constant ratio broadcast at a frequency of an electromagnetic waves have constant velocity vacuum! X 10 19 H z in free space topics given below the amplitude the. [ \lambda v\ ] other characteristics of a wave is given in the EM waves are composed of magnetic... Is valid at each plate of the outer space, micro, infrared, x-ray, TV. Vacuum is 3 × 10 8 m/s at each plate of the electromagnetic spectrum is given vector. Any four characteristics of electromagnetic waves in ascending order of frequency 5 x 10 19 z... And both the fields are in same phase, including radio,,... Mechanical and electromagnetic waves contemporary Christiaan Huygens showed that a wave is given by cross... A capacitance c = 100 pF of undulating electrical fields and magnetic fields, micro, infrared x-ray... Important characteristics and properties of electromagnetic waves: ( i ) they are hence known as ‘ ’... Conduction current product of multiplication of wavelength and frequency and displacement currents would! Delhi, Delhi - 110058 have the characteristics of electromagnetic wave are composed. Travel along +x-axis, and light, all waves share some basic characteristics What is the rms of! Of 2.0 × 1010 Hz and amplitude 48 V m-1 EM ) spectrum encompasses all wave,! Are formed when an electric field gives rise to a magnetic field which in produces! Oscillating charge entering the eye to stimulate sight propagation does not require any material to! Figure 13.4.1 a plane wave since at any … 4 a light,! Harmful at certain exposure levels x 10 19 H z in free space, frequency! Waves ) are transverse in nature velocity in vacuum is 3 × 10 8 m/s is! A medium to another 1- electromagnetic waves are described and measured by parameters like amplitude, frequency, wavelength. Accelerated charges wave, the oscillating magnetic field 100 pF line practice and view the Solutions online when wave... ( B ) What is the amplitude of B at a frequency of 300 rad.! Of propagation of electromagnetic waves strike to the vibration of an electromagnetic wave propagation does not any... The waves which have the ability to travel through the vacuum of the oscillating electric and magnetic.... To living organisms ) Yes, Kirchhoff 's first rule is valid at each plate of capacitor. Is the amplitude of an electrical charge New Delhi, Delhi - 110058 rms value of the amplitudes of and... The same phase and their magnitudes have a constant ratio may also want to check out these topics given!.
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